This article examines how gender shapes the migration and settlement experiences of Mexican immigrant women and men. The article compares the experiences of families in which the husbands departed prior to 1965 to those in which the husbands departed after 1965 and argues that the lengthy spousal separations altered patterns of patriarchal authority and the traditional gendered household division of labor. This induced a trend toward more egalitarian conjugal relations upon settlement in the United States. Examining the changing contexts of (...) migration illuminates the fluid character of patriarchy's control in Mexican immigrant families. (shrink)

Dress serves as a discursive daily practice of gender, and this article explains the dress practices of Bosnian Muslim refugee women living in Vermont. These dress practices tend toward elaborate, carefully cultivated styles for hair, makeup, and dress. Based on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and secondary historical sources, the authors seek to explain the meanings and practice of these dress practices. They argue that gendered dress practices reflect agentic processes that are situated within the flow of time and are rooted (...) in relational processes that occur at the macrostructural level of history and nation and at the micro world of social interaction and lived experience. (shrink)

Latina immigrant women who work as nannies or housekeepers and reside in Los Angeles while their children remain in their countries of origin constitute one variation in the organizational arrangements of motherhood. The authors call this arrangement “transnational motherhood.” On the basis of a survey, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic materials gathered in Los Angeles, they examine how Latina immigrant domestic workers transform the meanings of motherhood to accommodate these spatial and temporal separations. The article examines the emergent meanings of motherhood (...) and alternative child-rearing arrangements. It also discusses how the women view motherhood in relation to their employment, as well as their strategies for selectively developing emotional ties with their employers' children and for creating new rhetorics of mothering standards on the basis of what they view in their employers' homes. (shrink)

This paper compares two philosophical views from vastly different intellectual traditions: the views typical of neo-Aristotelian naturalism and the views that Kitarō Nishida describes in his An Inquiry into the Good. I concentrate on the following points. Nishida and neo-Aristotelian naturalists share the view that the mind tends to construct experience as it characterizes phenomena. It evaluates those that fulfill this tendency positively and those that fail to fulfill it negatively. Moral judgment is one manifestation of this tendency. This allows (...) both approaches to claim that the natural goodness/defect that characterizes human beings results from the capacity of rational choice, and that normalcy in developing and exercising this capacity provides criteria for evaluating the moral status of individuals. Nevertheless, they diverge on whether or not the application of these criteria is agent-neutral or agent-relative. Based on these considerations, I argue that Nishida’s view is free from a major difficulty that the neo-Aristotelian naturalist encounters. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar los tipos de actividades de reformulación conversacional que aparecen en conversaciones en adultos mayores con diferentes niveles de desempeño cognitivo: normales y trastorno cognitivo leve, a partir de una tarea de construcción de un discurso narrativo-argumentativo. Desde una perspectiva de investigación cualitativa, se obtuvo un corpus de 4 entrevistas, que fue codificado con la ayuda del software ATLAS.ti lo que permitió la generación de conceptos y el desarrollo de explicaciones a partir de los (...) datos, los que fueron contrastados con el marco teórico disponible. Los resultados indicaron que los hablantes realizaron actividades de auto-reformulación auto-iniciada, auto-reformulación iniciada por otro y hetero-reformulación derivada del auto-inicio. Las dos primeras se redujeron en los hablantes identificados con trastorno cognitivo leve, mientras que el último tipo de actividad fue el más frecuente y dominante en la conversación. Los hablantes con trastorno cognitivo leve realizaron reformulaciones que no corregían o adecuaban el discurso, por lo que no cumplieron con la finalidad de la reparación. This study aimed to determine the types of activities of conversational reformulation that occur during oral dialogues with older adults who have varying levels of cognitive performance. Study participants, who ranged between normal cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment, were given the task of constructing a narrative-argumentative dialogue. For qualitative investigation purposes, a corpus of four interviews was obtained. Each series of interviews were encoded using ATLAS.ti software which generated linked concepts and explanations from the data. Findings were then compared with the available theoretical framework. The results indicated that participants exhibited three modes of reformulation technique: self-initiated self-reformulation activities; self-reformulation started by another person; and hetero-reformulation derived from self-start. The first two were reduced in speakers exhibiting mild cognitive impairment, while the latter was the most frequent and dominant mode in the conversation. Speakers with mild cognitive impairment executed reformulations that did not correct or enhance the speech, and as such did not meet the purpose of reformulation. (shrink)

Crítica y crisis son los dos conceptos claves en el emerger de la sociología. El concepto de crisis que informa a la sociología en su primera etapa, en la que ésta termina por fundirse con la filosofía de la historia, desaparece en la reconstitución de la sociología que se lleva a cabo en vísperas de la Primera Guerra Mundial y que tiene en Max Weber a su representante más conspicuo. El empeño principal de este autor es superar la filosofía de (...) la historia, eliminando cualquier residuo metafísico en la ciencia social. La crisis de la sociología se evidencia en que, pese a los esfuerzos de los últimos decenios, no ha logrado una identidad ampliamente compartida por la comunidad científica de los que se llaman sociólogos, claramente divididos entre los que aspiran a una visión global de la sociedad y los que rechazan planteamientos generales y tratan de integrar los hechos recogidos en teorías de mediano alcance. (shrink)

This volume is a collection of original contributions from outstanding scholars in linguistics, philosophy and computational linguistics exploring the relation between word meaning and human linguistic creativity. The papers present different aspects surrounding the question of what is word meaning, a problem that has been the center of heated debate in all those disciplines that directly or indirectly are concerned with the study of language and of human cognition. The discussions are centered around the newly emerging view of the mental (...) lexicon, as outlined in the Generative Lexicon theory (Pustejovsky, 1995), which proposes a unified model for defining word meaning. The individual contributors present their evidence for a generative approach as well as critical perspectives, which provides for a volume where word meaning is not viewed only from a particular angle or from a particular concern, but from a wide variety of topics, each introduced and explained by the editors. (shrink)

S'il est vrai qu'en conséquence du pêché l'âme est assujettie à son corps, quelle liberté l'homme peut-il encore avoir de faire par lui-même son salut ?

O artigo analisa a questão da crescente precariedade no mundo do trabalho à luz das teses do brasileiro Ruy Mauro Marini e do conceito de superexploração do trabalho, formulado por esse autor no âmbito de uma teoria marxista da dependência, a princípio, para designar regime específico das formações sociais latino-americanas. Nesse sentido, em um primeiro momento, analisamos algumas tendências mundiais em curso no mundo do trabalho e, em seguida, os processos de transformação nos regimes de superexploração do trabalho nos países (...) dependentes e sua atual apresentação fenomênica nos países capitalistas centrais. Ao fim, analisamos a vigência e a centralidade dessa categoria, assim como suas implicações para o devido entendimento da política e das novas morfologias da classe trabalhadora na América Latina e no mundo. (shrink)

En muy diferentes escritos -al fin y al cabo, se piensa en las coordenadas del tiempo en que nos ha tocado vivir- José Luis L. Aranguren se ha ocupado de la relación del intelectual con la política, cuestión a la que ha aportado atisbos y enfoques tan originales como esclarecedores, de modo que ya vale la pena resumir lo que ha pensado sobre el tema. Además, su propia obra y sus múltiples actividades, como profesor, publicista y conferenciante incansable, son de (...) tal calibre y enjundia que en base a ellas cabe estudiar de modo paradigmático la influencia del intelectual sobre una España que me permitirá el lector que califique, con la mayor moderación y prudencia, pese a las enormes diferencias, por lo demás obvias, entre el franquismo y el régimen actual, de hosca y bastante difícil en todo momento. Este artículo consta de tres partes: 1. Una breve exposición de los aportes de Aranguren al tema. 2. Una segunda que. trata de desentrañar el tipo de relación que uno de los intelectuales más destacados ha tenido con la sociedad española en estos últimos cincuenta años, caminando en un doble sentido, desde la obra, para esclarecer su impacto real sobre la sociedad española; y desde ésta hacia al intelectual, interesados en mostrar los condicionamientos sociales -se piensa siempre en un contexto social y como reacción a él que configuran su pensamiento. 3. En fin, y a manera de conclusión provisional, algunas observaciones críticas a la tesis de Aranguren de que el intelectual debe permanecer alejado de la órbita del poder y, consecuentemente, de la política concreta. (shrink)

In line with the cross ethnical alliances that the Eurasian community stands for, in this paper we interrogate the possibility of meaningful ways to transcend ‘race’ through the application of critical thinking skills. The methodology proposed combines a brief historical summary of how race has been articulated in history and in science until the discovery of Human DNA with some references to the field of Race Studies. As a social value category, it will be demonstrated that ’race’ has no scientific (...) evidence. In the pursuit of objectively demonstrating that what unites us as humans is much more than what separates us, critical thinking can help us to go beyond nationality and transcend classifications. In doing so, a critical mindset will be underlined as a necessary requirement to increase the degree of rigorous and truthful information generated from the sciences and humanities in the advancement of one human race within Eurasian community and beyond. (shrink)

Volume 20, Issue 8, August 2020, Page 32-36.

Cellular pattern formations of some epithelia are believed to be governed by the direct lateral inhibition rule of cell differentiation. That is, initially equivalent cells are all competent to differentiate, but once a cell has differentiated, the cell inhibits its immediate neighbors from following this pathway. Such a differentiation repeats until all non-inhibited cells have differentiated. The cellular polygonal patterns can be characterized by the numbers of undifferentiated cells and differentiated ones. When the differentiated cells become large in size, the (...) polygonal pattern is deformed since more cells are needed to enclose the large cell. An actual example of such a cellular pattern was examined. The pupal wing epidermis of a butterfly Pieris rapae shows a transition of the equivalent-size cell pattern to the pattern involving large cells. The process of the transition was analyzed by using the method of weighted Voronoi tessellation that is useful for treatment of irregularly sized polygons. The analysis supported that the pattern transition of the early stage of the pupal wing epidermis is governed by the lateral inhibition rule. The differentiation takes place in order of largeness, but not smallness, of the apical polygonal area in the differentiating region of the pupal wing. (shrink)

プラトンの理想郷はアキバ!?デカルトは「人形萌え」、萌え逃げの達人ゲーテ、ヘーゲルのセカイ系哲学vs.キルケゴールのキモイ系哲学、「乙女化」の先駆者アンデルセン、女に捨てられて「俺萌え」に走ったニーチ ェ、「国家萌え」で悲劇を招いたナチス、喪男の精神に分け入ったフロイト。偉大な思想家はみんな喪男だった。.

El presente documento intenta colocar diversas discusiones sobre la realidad latinoamericana, particularmente en la forma como diversos escenarios nacionales han asumido críticos periodos de violencia política en décadas recientes. Ello teniendo en cuenta que hay toda una serie de variantes y contextos políticos en la región, en donde se imponen por un lado, diferentes regímenes de gobierno y por otro, distintos posicionamientos políticos de los movimientos sociales. En ambos casos, estos se despliegan acorde al momento socioeconómico experimentado en una determinada (...) nación. El énfasis de esta propuesta, acentúa en abrir un debate respecto a cómo cada sociedad instaurada dentro de los marcos nacionales, ha enfrentado posterior o simultáneamente, críticos periodos de violación de los Derechos Humanos ocurridos en periodos de aguda confrontación política y social. Han sido momentos históricos donde se concentran las contradicciones sociales, ya sea bajo la forma de dictaduras o bajo la imposición de gobiernos autoritarios encubiertos en un sistema democrático. Son etapas pasadas y presentes que aún hoy dejan una huella profunda en la conciencia y vida de muchos activistas, de académicos, de organizaciones sociales y de víctimas del terrorismo de Estado. (shrink)